RESUMO
At present, more babies are born with neonatal abstinence syndrome due to the increased use of certain substances by their mothers while pregnant. The therapeutic approaches for this syndrome vary in clinical practice, and in some centres, breastfeeding and rooming-in are interrupted. The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of breastfeeding and rooming-in in infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome by conducting a scoping review of the related literature in PubMed and CINAHL. Eleven papers were included, which showed that breastfeeding and rooming-in reduced hospital stay and the need for and duration of pharmacological treatment. In addition, rooming-in decreased the likelihood of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, although there was no improvement of the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome signs. Breastfed infants had milder withdrawal signs and, although they were more likely to be readmitted than formula-fed infants were, there were no statistically significant differences. There was no evidence that rooming-in decreased hospital readmission after discharge. Our findings support the maintenance of cohabitation and breastfeeding whenever possible in the management of this neonatal abstinence syndrome, so as not to worsen the conditions of the neonate, while introducing measures to ensure mother-child safety.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/terapia , Hospitalização , Tempo de Internação , Alta do PacienteRESUMO
En la actualidad, el aumento del consumo de drogas en gestantes está provocando un incremento del síndrome de abstinencia neonatal (SAN). El abordaje de dicho síndrome varía en la práctica clínica y, en algunos centros, se tiende a suspender tanto la lactancia materna como el alojamiento conjunto. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos de la lactancia materna y el alojamiento conjunto en neonatos con SAN mediante la realización de unarevisión panorámica de trabajos publicados en PubMed y CINAHL. Según los once trabajos incluidos, tanto la lactancia materna como el alojamiento conjunto reducen la estancia hospitalaria, así como la necesidad y la duración del tratamiento farmacológico. Además, el alojamiento conjunto disminuye la probabilidad de admisión en Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, aunque no mejoró la severidad de los signos del SAN. Los bebes alimentados con lactancia materna presentaron signos significativamente más leves de abstinencia y, una mayor probabilidad, aunque no significativa, de ser reingresados. No hay evidencia de que el alojamiento conjunto disminuya la readmisión hospitalaria tras el alta. Los hallazgos justifican que tanto la cohabitación como la lactancia se deberían mantener siempre que sea posible en el abordaje de este síndrome para no empeorar las condiciones del neonato, tomando las medidas oportunas para garantizar la seguridad del niño y de la madre.(AU)
At present, more babies are born with neonatal abstinence syndrome due to the increased use of certain substances by their mothers while pregnant. The therapeutic approaches for this syndrome vary in clinical practice, and in some centres, breastfeeding and roomingin are interrupted. The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of breastfeeding and roomingin in infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome by conducting a scoping review of the related literature in PubMed and CINAHL. Eleven papers were included, which showed that breastfeeding and roomingin reduced hospital stay and the need for and duration of pharmacological treatment. In addition, roomingin decreased the likelihood of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, although there was no improvement of the severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome signs. Breastfed infants had milder withdrawal signs and, although they were more likely to be readmitted than formulafed infants were, there were no statistically significant differences. There was no evidence that roomingin decreased hospital readmission after discharge. Our findings support the maintenance of cohabitation and breastfeeding whenever possible in the management of this neonatal abstinence syndrome, so as not to worsen the conditions of the neonate, while introducing measures to ensure motherchild safety.(AU)
